护理英语：外科术前、术中与术后恢复提问

一、术在此之前匆忙

Before a surgery, much work should be done to make sure the patient's safety.

继续做外科手术之在此之前为了确保得病童份的安全有许多工作要继续做。1. Vital signs will be taken and recorded. Tell the doctor anything unusual.第一，要检测并据信人类体征。将任何下回告知外科医生。2. All prostheses such as contact lenses, artificial limbs and artificial teeth should be taken off.第二，所有假体，例如、假肢以及假牙都不理应戴。The anesthetist may prefer that artificial teeth be left in place. So the nurse must consult the anesthetist on this.副师长可能亦会期盼让得病症头上假牙，所以助产士才会护理人员的图斯议。

3. The patient's nail polish and makeup should be removed. You will make it easier for the doctor to observe the patient for cyanosis.

第三，得病症才会除去指甲油并卸妆。这样亦会让外科医生较难辨认得病童应该脑癌铜色得病。The cyanosis often shows the need for oxygen. Hairpins should also be removed because they will cause contamination铜色得病通常声称得病症才可要翻氧。还理理应戴发夹等发饰，以免造成细菌感染。4. The bladder should be emptied by voiding or by catheter. A full bladder could be damaged during surgery.第四，经过排尿或者导尿清空腹腔。腹腔内充满尿液可能亦会在外科手术过程当中受损。5. Unless the surgery is a small one, the bowel should be cleaned by enemas before the surgery. It will prevent much discomfort after the surgery. It will also prevent contamination.第五，术在此之前得病症才可用到银制剂清空大肠，小外科手术除外。这亦会尽量避免很多术后疲倦副作用。还可以尽量避免细菌感染。6. Sedative is usually given 30 minutes to an hours before the patient is taken to the surgical room. It will make the anesthesia easier.第六，止痛药通常在得病症重回外科急诊在此之前30分钟到一小时内注射。这可以让过程展开地较难一些。After that, the patient should be encouraged to rest quietly. A member of the family may be allowed to stay in the room with the patient.然后不理应轻声安慰得病症重回冬眠。外科急诊内有时可以无需得病症的一位家属陪伴。7. The patient's chart should be taken to the surgical room and it must be complete. It must include all laboratory and X-ray reports, a signed operative permit, etc.第七，得病症的得病历表不理应带入外科急诊，并且表格才可要值得注意。上面才会有数所有的验和X光检查报告以及一份签名的外科手术批准后等等。Allergies and required medicine, such as insulin must be shown on the chart.过敏原和所才可药剂，如胰岛素，也理应在表格当中附上。

Excuse me, Ms. Wang. I want to go to the toilet.

劳驾，称王助产士。我想去厕所。You need not go to the toilet. Please try the bedpan.你无法去厕所。代为你用便盆吧。How can I urinate in bed?我怎么能在睡觉时小便呢？You know you will not be allowed to get up for several days after the operation. So you must learn to use the bedpan.外科手术此后几天你是不无需下床的。所以你才会学者用到便盆。OK. Let me he a try.好吧。我想来。When will I be sent to the operating room?我什么时候进外科急诊？About 8 O'clock. I'll wake you up at 7 O'clock and put down a nasogastric tube through one of your nostrils.大概八点。我亦会在七点叫醒你然后从你的鼻腔当中插入一根胃管。

Could you tell me why?

你能说道我为什么要插胃管吗？We will give you food through the tube on the second and third day after the operation.外科手术后第二、三天我们才可要通过胃管给你喂食。What time will I be back here?我什么时候能被送回这里？You'll be back at about 3 pm.大概下午三点。How can my wife know about the operation?我妻子怎样了解我外科手术的成果？She can stay in the waiting room. We'll tell her as soon as possible about the operation.她亦会在等候室。外科手术一结束我们亦会赶紧指示她。He you signed the consent?你在达成协议书上签字了吗？Yes. What should I do before operation?签了。外科手术在此之前我不理应继续做什么？We'll prepare you by shing and cleaning. Then you'll take a shower. You'll he a liquid diet for supper.我们亦会给你剃须继续做清洁。然后你要洗个澡。午餐你要肉一些流食。I know. Will the operation hurt very much?我知道了。外科手术亦会很想念吗？Don't worry. You won't feel anything during the operation.别担心，外科手术过程当中你不亦会感受到任何呕吐。You'll find yourself back in the room after the operation.外科手术后你醒来的时候就已经在得病床了。You may feel some pain and feel drowsy. We will give you an injection to relieve the pain if you can't stand it.你可能亦会觉得看似想念并昏昏沉沉。如果呕吐难忍的话我们亦会给你注射一些缓解呕吐的药剂。Thank you.忘了你 二、外科手术当中

Operator, put me through to the operating room please.

话务员，代为想尽办法我毗连外科急诊。Just a minute. The line is engaged.略为等。现在占去该线。A few seconds later.几秒钟后。Operation room.外科急诊May I speak to the head nurse?能代为助产士长没事吗？Of course, she's right here.当然可以，她就在这。

Hello, I'm the head nurse. What can I do for you?

你好，我是助产士长。有什么可以想尽办法您？What's going on in the operation room right now?外科急诊当中现在是什么情况。I he an emergency case coming in.我赶紧有一个救护车得病例。We're making necessary preparations for an acute appendicitis operation this afternoon Dr. Wang is going to perform the operation.我们在为今天下午称王外科医生的急性阑尾炎外科手术继续做确实匆忙。I was asked half an hour ago to see a severely injured patient who has had several of his ribs fractured. He needs a chest operation immediately. Would you arrange for an emergency operation?我半小时在此之前毗连收了一个相当严重肋骨骨折的得病童。他才可要立即毗连受气管外科手术。你们想尽办法我安排救护车外科手术吗？Of course, I'll make the necessary arrangements right away. I'll phone you everything is ready.当然可以。我赶紧继续做确实匆忙。一切匆忙完毕此后我给你打电话。Fine, I'll be waiting for your call.好的，我等你电话。By the way, please tell the nurse that the blood bank will bring us 3 or 4 units of type B blood for surgical use.对了。代为说道助产士血库亦会给我们3或4该单位的B型血供外科手术用到。Anything else?还有其他要追问的吗？Yes, I'm planning to use a general anesthesia and would like to he an assistant.有，我才可要继续做四肢，才可要一位助手。All right. I'll let Dr. Wang know it immediately.好的。我赶紧指示称王外科医生。Thank you.忘了你。You're welcome.不直言。After the operation. 三、术后 The patient is in narcosis, take care.得病症还在昏迷状态，多特别注意。What kind of surgery has he had?他毗连受了什么外科手术？A chest operation.气管外科手术。Is he allergic to any drug?他对什么药剂过敏吗？He's allergic to meperidine.他对哌替啶过敏。Did he lose much blood during the surgery?外科手术当中他血块很多吗？He lost 400 ml of blood and received 2 units of red cells.他血块400ml。我们给他翻了2该单位的上皮细胞。Has he received any other fluids?你们给他翻其他气泡了吗？1000 ml of 5% dextrose in distilled water.1000毫升计有5%的氢氧化钠。 四、外科手术后康复与护理

After the operation, the surgical patient often needs intensive care.

外科手术此后，外科得病童通常才可要加强护理。Here there are some reasons. Of course, some common problems will occur.这其当中有一些原因。当然，也亦会有一些常见问题经常出现。The problems can be expected and therefore anticipated.这些问题是可以预见的。After the operation, patients often need hemodynamic monitoring.外科手术此后才可要对得病童展开脏器物理性质家庭教育。Many of the conditions are related to basic medical problems.得病童的很多副作用与原则上的诊断问题相关。Some patients will he intraoperative hemorrhage or postoperative infection.一些得病童亦会经常出现术当中肿胀或术后细菌感染。

It may lead to instability. So the patient needs special care.

这亦会引致外科手术后得身体状况稳定下来不稳定。因此得病童才可要特别看护。This will be much more common after emergency surgical procedures.这种情况在急救外科手术得病童头上颇为常见。If patients suddenly decompensate, they need to be taken into the intensive care unit, ICU.如果得病童快要代谢失调，才可要将其送入重症加强护理得病床。Patients with severe blunt or penetrating trauma will also suffer from hemodynamic instability.钝挫伤及穿透性创伤得病症还亦会经常出现脏器物理性质不稳定。Very often, they will he an immediate inflammatory response which is caused by severe bone and soft tissue injury.他们很可能亦会经常出现急性黏膜加成，这是由相当严重软骨或者软组织受伤引致。If hypovolemic shock occurs, then it shows that the injury is serious. The patient sometimes needs blood transfusion to correct the deficit.如果经常出现低血容量性休克，这声称伤势相当严重。有时才可要对得病童展开肾衰竭来补足其体内血液。Occasionally, the patient's physiological changes call for critical care.得病童的生理变化偶尔也亦会才可要特别家庭教育。If patients he nontrauma emergencies that are related to perforated viscous or necrotic bowel, an even greater total body insult will occur.如果非痉挛疾得病的急救得病症的哮喘与肠穿孔粘滞或肠坏死有关，那么得病症整个机体可能亦会受其影响。Each insult leads to a systemic inflammatory response.这些影响亦会分别引致各个器官的更进一步黏膜加成。It may progress to multi-organ failure if appropriate intervention is not provided.如果不采取有效治疗，得病症可能经常出现多器官功能衰竭 。Collectively, these surgical patients cover the majority of the patients who he to be sent to the ICU.总而言之，重症送医急救得病床的得病症大部分是外科外科手术得病症。 五、术后稳定下来

Ms. Wang, I'm hing a pain here.

称王外科医生，我这里很想念。I'll give you pain relieving medicine.我给你开一些止想念药。It's better now. But I'm a little thirsty. Would you please give me some water?以在此之前好些了。但是我很渴。你可以给我一些水喝吗？I'm afraid I can't. But I can moisten your lips to quench your thirst.抱歉，恐怕你以在此之前不可以睡觉时。但是我可以在你的指尖上蘸一些水想尽办法你解渴。Thanks. When can I drink?忘了。我什么时候可以睡觉时？When your bowel is sound and gag reflex returns.才可要等你的肠鸣音和咽太阳光稳定下来此后才可以喝。Then I can eat something?那时我就可以肉东西了吗？I'm afraid you can't.恐怕不行。When can I eat?我什么时候才可以肉东西？

You can take a liquid diet on the 1st postoperative day. You will gradually increase to a soft diet and regular meals after the 4th postoperative day.

外科手术一天此后你可以肉一些流食。然后你自然而然可以肉软食，外科手术四天此后就可以也就是说用餐了。What's the liquid diet?流食是什么？It consists of liquids that don't irritate or cause gas formation, for example, tea, coffee, strained food or vegetable juice and fat-free broth.流食以无刺激性或者不亦会引致氮气产生的气泡兼有，例如茶、咖啡、过滤蔬果、蔬菜汁和无脂冬瓜。What's the soft diet?软食是什么？It includes soup, fish, eggs but not fried, bean curd, noodles, dumplings and so on.软食有数冬瓜、猪肉、非煎炸鸡蛋、豆腐、佐料、豆沙等等。Which kind of food should I oid?我不理应尽量避免肉哪些食物呢？Rich pastries, hey salad dressing, fried food, lard, etc.油腻的点心、过多的方——酱酱汁、煎炸蔬果、油等。Anything important?还有什么才可要特别注意的吗？Yes, you'll do some breathing exercise tomorrow.有，再来你才可要继续做一些呼吸锻炼。Why?为什么？The exercise will help prevent respiratory complications.呼吸锻炼可以公共卫生呼吸系统肿胀。Will you help do the exercise or I do it myself?我要自己继续做锻炼吗，还是你亦会辅导我？I'll help you and give you some advice.我亦会想尽办法你，给你图斯一些图斯议。Can you tell me now how I will do it?你以在此之前可以说道我怎样继续做吗？Of course. Press your incision, breathe deeply and then cough. I will raise the head of your bed.当然可以。按住外科手术切口，深呼吸然后咳嗽。我亦会把你的据闻升高一些。I see.我知道了。Please press the button when you feel discomfort.如果你觉得有什么疲倦的话代为按呼叫器。I will. Thank you.我亦会的，忘了你。